The Roman Theater of Caesaraugusta was erected in Caesar Augusta, modern-day Zaragoza, Spain, in the first half of the first century AD (during the reigns of Tiberius and Claudius). It was based on Rome's Marcellus Theater and had a seating capacity of roughly 6,000 people. It was in use until the third century, at which point its components were employed to construct walls and other structures. It was discovered in 1973 as a result of archaeological investigations, and today visitors can see it as a component of the Museum of the Theatre of Caesaraugusta. It was designated as a monument category Asset of Cultural Interest on October 8, 2001.

Beginning in the first century AD, under the authority of the Roman Emperor Tiberius, and being completed in the middle of the first century AD, respectively, was the construction of the Caesaraugusta Roman Theatre. One of the largest in Roman Hispania, it had a surface area of 7,000 square metres (106 metres in diameter) and could accommodate 6,000 spectators in a city with a population of about 20,000.

The building was built on flat ground using opus caementicium, in contrast to other theatres that used slopes in the ground. It was modelled after the Theatre of Marcellus in Rome and features a structure of concentric rings and radial walls between them that are arranged to form a cavea or tiers that were covered with marble slabs, just like the orchestra.

Opus quadratum ashlars were used to embellish the façade, which had an external height of three stories and 22 metres. The orchestra had a special, independent entrance that led from the façade's centre door and crossed the theatre like an axis for the use of the authorities. These seats were allocated for them in the orchestral semicircle, and this entrance ran perpendicular to the scene. Although it is unique among the theatres in Roman Hispania, this privileged access may also be observed there and may be explained by the range of acts that took place there, not just dramatic ones.

When stones were removed to construct the walls and other structures in the third century, only the Roman concrete of the current structure remained. This is when it started to deteriorate.

It was eventually hidden by other structures until excavations in the 1970s revealed it once more. Following its rediscovery, it was transformed into a tourist destination with a museum showcasing and explaining the unearthed archaeological artefacts.

The stage and stand remnants, which have been covered by a sizable translucent polycarbonate roof, are visible to visitors via walkways. The Interpretation Center, where visitors learn about the history of theatre and dramatic genres, as well as the social and political life of the time, is housed in a building that has been reconstructed next to the archaeological ruins.