The walls of Cordoba are the ancient defensive walls of the city. Five walled enclosures can be distinguished: the Villa or Medina, the Ajerquía, the Castillo de la Judería, the Alcázar Viejo and the Huerta del Alcázar, the latter three in the present-day district of San Basilio.

The first city walls were built in the 2nd century, during Roman times, covering a perimeter of approximately 2,650 metres and an area of some 47.6 hectares. This walled enclosure had four gates facing each of the four cardinal points.

Later, during the reign of Emperor Tiberius, the southern wall was removed to enlarge the walled area by expanding the city towards the river and opening new gates to the city.

In the Muslim period the old Roman walls were in a deplorable state. During the Fitna of al-Andalus, the old walled enclosure was rebuilt. Later, as a result of the Christian approach, a new wall was built in the eastern part of the city, annexed to the existing one in order to protect the dwellings outside the walls, thus dividing the walled enclosure into two parts: on the one hand the old walled enclosure, known as the Madina, and on the other hand the new walled enclosure annexed to it, known as the Axerquia.

After the Christian conquest of the city, the old walls were maintained and restored. In the last half of the 14th century, three new walled enclosures were added: the Castillo de la Judería, the Huerta del Alcázar and the Alcázar Viejo.