The monastery of San Pelayo is a Catholic monastery, located in the pre-Romanesque area where the cathedral of Oviedo or San Tirso is located. At the back of the monastery is the Academia de la Llingua Asturiana and, until 2010, the Historical Archive of Asturias.

The building was remodelled several times, and Romanesque remains of a cloister were found in its foundations. In 1590, Leonardo de la Cajiga rebuilt the church and the first major renovation took place in 1650 with the construction of the towers by Melchor Velasco. At the end of the 17th century, the complex was rebuilt by Gregorio Roza, Francisco de la Riva and Gaspar Ladrón de Guevara, renowned architects who gave the complex its current appearance. The last phase of the reform of the monastery began in 1703 with the construction of the Vicarage with its imposing façade based on Baroque palaces, the work of Fray Pedro de Cardeña.